The more common method is area stripping, which is used on fairly flat terrain, to extract deposits over a large area. This type of mining uses some of the largest machines on earth, including bucket-wheel excavators which can move as much as 12,000 cubic meters (16,000 cu. Strip mining is only practical when the ore body to be excavated is relatively near the surface and/or is mostly horizontal. It is most commonly used to mine coal and lignite (brown coal). Strip mining is the practice of mining a seam of mineral, by first removing a long strip of overlying soil and rock (the overburden) this activity is also referred to as overburden removal. Strip mining The Bagger 288 is a bucket-wheel excavator used in strip mining. There are five main types of surface mining as detailed below. Habitat destruction, alongside air, noise, and water pollution, are all significant negative environmental impacts caused by the side effects of surface mining. Humans face a variety of health risks caused by mining such as different cardiovascular diseases, food, and water contamination. Disadvantages include hazards to human health and the environment. Next, large machines, such as dragline excavators or bucket-wheel excavators, extract the mineral.Īdvantages of surface mining include lower cost and greater safety compared to underground mining. In most forms of surface mining, heavy equipment, such as earthmovers, first remove the overburden. In North America, surface mining gained popularity throughout the 20th century, and surface mines now produce most of the coal mined in the United States. In North America, where the majority of surface coal mining occurs, this method began to be used in the mid-16th century and is practiced throughout the world in the mining of many different minerals. Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels. Type of mining in which the soil/rock above mineral deposits is removed The Siilinjärvi carbonatite complex, an open-pit mine owned by Yara International, in Siilinjärvi, Finland Coal strip mine in Wyoming
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